Skip to content

irul / codeigniter

Go to a project
Switch branch/tag
form_validation.html 63.8 KB
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Form Validation : CodeIgniter User Guide</title>

<style type='text/css' media='all'>@import url('../userguide.css');</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' media='all' href='../userguide.css' />

<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/nav.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/prototype.lite.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/moo.fx.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/user_guide_menu.js"></script>

<meta http-equiv='expires' content='-1' />
<meta http-equiv= 'pragma' content='no-cache' />
<meta name='robots' content='all' />
<meta name='author' content='ExpressionEngine Dev Team' />
<meta name='description' content='CodeIgniter User Guide' />
</head>
<body>

<!-- START NAVIGATION -->
<div id="nav"><div id="nav_inner"><script type="text/javascript">create_menu('../');</script></div></div>
<div id="nav2"><a name="top"></a><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="myHeight.toggle();"><img src="../images/nav_toggle_darker.jpg" width="154" height="43" border="0" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" /></a></div>
<div id="masthead">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
<tr>
<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 2.2.1</h1></td>
<td id="breadcrumb_right"><a href="../toc.html">Table of Contents Page</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<!-- END NAVIGATION -->


<!-- START BREADCRUMB -->
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
<tr>
<td id="breadcrumb">
<a href="http://codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
Form Validation
</td>
<td id="searchbox"><form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search"><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" id="as_sitesearch" value="codeigniter.com/user_guide/" />Search User Guide&nbsp; <input type="text" class="input" style="width:200px;" name="q" id="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="" />&nbsp;<input type="submit" class="submit" name="sa" value="Go" /></form></td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- END BREADCRUMB -->

<br clear="all" />


<!-- START CONTENT -->
<div id="content">

<h1>Form Validation</h1>

<p>CodeIgniter provides a comprehensive form validation and data prepping class that helps minimize the amount of code you'll write.</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#tutorial">Form Validation Tutorial</a>

	<ul>
		<li><a href="#theform">The Form</a></li>
		<li><a href="#thesuccesspage">The Success Page</a></li>
		<li><a href="#thecontroller">The Controller</a></li>
		<li><a href="#validationrules">Setting Validation Rules</a></li>
		<li><a href="#validationrulesasarray">Setting Validation Rules Using an Array</a></li>
		<li><a href="#cascadingrules">Cascading Rules</a></li>
		<li><a href="#preppingdata">Prepping Data</a></li>
		<li><a href="#repopulatingform">Re-populating the Form</a></li>
		<li><a href="#callbacks">Callbacks</a></li>
		<li><a href="#settingerrors">Setting Error Messages</a></li>
		<li><a href="#errordelimiters">Changing the Error Delimiters</a></li>
		<li><a href="#translatingfn">Translating Field Names</a></li>
		<li><a href="#individualerrors">Showing Errors Individually</a></li>
		<li><a href="#savingtoconfig">Saving Sets of Validation Rules to a Config File</a></li>
		<li><a href="#arraysasfields">Using Arrays as Field Names</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rulereference">Rule Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="#preppingreference">Prepping Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="#functionreference">Function Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="#helperreference">Helper Reference</a></li>

</ul>






<p>&nbsp;</p>

<a name="overview"></a>
<h1>Overview</h1>


<p>Before explaining CodeIgniter's approach to data validation, let's describe the ideal scenario:</p>

<ol>
<li>A form is displayed.</li>
<li>You fill it in and submit it.</li>
<li>If you submitted something invalid, or perhaps missed a required item, the form is redisplayed containing your data
along with an error message describing the problem.</li>
<li>This process continues until you have submitted a valid form.</li>
</ol>

<p>On the receiving end, the script must:</p>

<ol>
<li>Check for required data.</li>
<li>Verify that the data is of the correct type, and meets the correct criteria. For example, if a username is submitted
it must be validated to contain only permitted characters.  It must be of a minimum length,
and not exceed a maximum length. The username can't be someone else's existing username, or perhaps even a reserved word. Etc.</li>
<li>Sanitize the data for security.</li>
<li>Pre-format the data if needed (Does the data need to be trimmed?  HTML encoded?  Etc.)</li>
<li>Prep the data for insertion in the database.</li>
</ol>


<p>Although there is nothing terribly complex about the above process, it usually requires a significant
amount of code, and to display error messages, various control structures are usually placed within the form HTML.
Form validation, while simple to create, is generally very messy and tedious to implement.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>


<a name="tutorial"></a>
<h1>Form Validation Tutorial</h1>

<p>What follows is a "hands on" tutorial for implementing CodeIgniters Form Validation.</p>


<p>In order to implement form validation you'll need three things:</p>

<ol>
<li>A <a href="../general/views.html">View</a> file containing a form.</li>
<li>A View file containing a "success" message to be displayed upon successful submission.</li>
<li>A <a href="../general/controllers.html">controller</a> function to receive and process the submitted data.</li>
</ol>

<p>Let's create those three things, using a member sign-up form as the example.</p>



<a name="theform"></a>

<h2>The Form</h2>

<p>Using a text editor, create a form called <dfn>myform.php</dfn>.  In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/views/</samp>
folder:</p>


<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="30">&lt;html>
&lt;head>
&lt;title>My Form&lt;/title>
&lt;/head>
&lt;body>

&lt;?php echo validation_errors(); ?>

&lt;?php echo form_open('form'); ?>

&lt;h5>Username&lt;/h5>
&lt;input type="text" name="username" value="" size="50" />

&lt;h5>Password&lt;/h5>
&lt;input type="text" name="password" value="" size="50" />

&lt;h5>Password Confirm&lt;/h5>
&lt;input type="text" name="passconf" value="" size="50" />

&lt;h5>Email Address&lt;/h5>
&lt;input type="text" name="email" value="" size="50" />

&lt;div>&lt;input type="submit" value="Submit" />&lt;/div>

&lt;/form>

&lt;/body>
&lt;/html>
</textarea>




<a name="thesuccesspage"></a>
<h2>The Success Page</h2>


<p>Using a text editor, create a form called <dfn>formsuccess.php</dfn>.  In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/views/</samp>
folder:</p>


<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="14">
&lt;html>
&lt;head>
&lt;title>My Form&lt;/title>
&lt;/head>
&lt;body>

&lt;h3>Your form was successfully submitted!&lt;/h3>

&lt;p>&lt;?php echo anchor('form', 'Try it again!'); ?>&lt;/p>

&lt;/body>
&lt;/html>
</textarea>



<a name="thecontroller"></a>
<h2>The Controller</h2>

<p>Using a text editor, create a controller called <dfn>form.php</dfn>.  In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/controllers/</samp>
folder:</p>


<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="21">&lt;?php

class Form extends CI_Controller {

	function index()
	{
		$this->load->helper(array('form', 'url'));

		$this->load->library('form_validation');

		if ($this->form_validation->run() == FALSE)
		{
			$this->load->view('myform');
		}
		else
		{
			$this->load->view('formsuccess');
		}
	}
}
?></textarea>


<h2>Try it!</h2>

<p>To try your form, visit your site using a URL similar to this one:</p>

<code>example.com/index.php/<var>form</var>/</code>

<p><dfn>If you submit the form you should simply see the form reload.  That's because you haven't set up any validation
rules yet.</dfn></p>

<p><strong>Since you haven't told the Form Validation class to validate anything yet, it returns <kbd>FALSE</kbd> (boolean false) by default.  The <samp>run()</samp>
function only returns <kbd>TRUE</kbd> if it has successfully applied your rules without any of them failing.</strong></p>


<h2>Explanation</h2>

<p>You'll notice several things about the above pages:</p>

<p>The <dfn>form</dfn> (myform.php) is a standard web form with a couple exceptions:</p>

<ol>
<li>It uses a <dfn>form helper</dfn> to create the form opening.
Technically, this isn't necessary.  You could create the form using standard HTML.  However, the benefit of using the helper
is that it generates the action URL for you, based on the URL in your config file.  This makes your application more portable in the event your URLs change.</li>

<li>At the top of the form you'll notice the following function call:
<code>&lt;?php echo validation_errors(); ?&gt;</code>

<p>This function will return any error messages sent back by the validator. If there are no messages it returns an empty string.</p>
</li>
</ol>

<p>The <dfn>controller</dfn> (form.php) has one function: <dfn>index()</dfn>. This function initializes the validation class and
loads the <var>form helper</var> and <var>URL helper</var> used by your view files. It also <samp>runs</samp>
the validation routine. Based on
whether the validation was successful it either presents the form or the success page.</p>




<a name="validationrules"></a>

<h2>Setting Validation Rules</h2>

<p>CodeIgniter lets you set as many validation rules as you need for a given field, cascading them in order, and it even lets you prep and pre-process the field data
at the same time. To set validation rules you will use the <dfn>set_rules()</dfn> function:</p>

<code>$this->form_validation->set_rules();</code>

<p>The above function takes <strong>three</strong> parameters as input:</p>

<ol>
	<li>The field name - the exact name you've given the form field.</li>
	<li>A "human" name for this field, which will be inserted into the error message. For example, if your field is named "user" you might give it a human name of "Username". <strong>Note:</strong> If you would like the field name to be stored in a language file, please see <a href="#translatingfn">Translating Field Names</a>.</li>
	<li>The validation rules for this form field.</li>
</ol>


<p><br />Here is an example. In your <dfn>controller</dfn> (form.php), add this code just below the validation initialization function:</p>

<code>
$this->form_validation->set_rules('username', 'Username', 'required');<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules('password', 'Password', 'required');<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules('passconf', 'Password Confirmation', 'required');<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules('email', 'Email', 'required');<br />
</code>

<p>Your controller should now look like this:</p>

<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="28">&lt;?php

class Form extends CI_Controller {

	function index()
	{
		$this->load->helper(array('form', 'url'));

		$this->load->library('form_validation');

		$this->form_validation->set_rules('username', 'Username', 'required');
		$this->form_validation->set_rules('password', 'Password', 'required');
		$this->form_validation->set_rules('passconf', 'Password Confirmation', 'required');
		$this->form_validation->set_rules('email', 'Email', 'required');

		if ($this->form_validation->run() == FALSE)
		{
			$this->load->view('myform');
		}
		else
		{
			$this->load->view('formsuccess');
		}
	}
}
?></textarea>

<p><dfn>Now submit the form with the fields blank and you should see the error messages.
If you submit the form with all the fields populated you'll see your success page.</dfn></p>

<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong> The form fields are not yet being re-populated with the data when
there is an error.  We'll get to that shortly.</p>




<a name="validationrulesasarray"></a>
<h2>Setting Rules Using an Array</h2>

<p>Before moving on it should be noted that the rule setting function can be passed an array if you prefer to set all your rules in one action.
If you use this approach you must name your array keys as indicated:</p>

<code>
$config = array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'username', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Username', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'password', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Password', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'passconf', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Password Confirmation', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'email', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Email', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules($config);
</code>






<a name="cascadingrules"></a>
<h2>Cascading Rules</h2>

<p>CodeIgniter lets you pipe multiple rules together.  Let's try it. Change your rules in the third parameter of rule setting function, like this:</p>

<code>
$this->form_validation->set_rules('username', 'Username', 'required|min_length[5]|max_length[12]|is_unique[users.username]');<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules('password', 'Password', 'required|matches[passconf]');<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules('passconf', 'Password Confirmation', 'required');<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules('email', 'Email', 'required|valid_email|is_unique[users.email]');<br />
</code>

<p>The above code sets the following rules:</p>

<ol>
<li>The username field be no shorter than 5 characters and no longer than 12.</li>
<li>The password field must match the password confirmation field.</li>
<li>The email field must contain a valid email address.</li>
</ol>

<p>Give it a try! Submit your form without the proper data and you'll see new error messages that correspond to your new rules.
There are numerous rules available which you can read about in the validation reference.</p>



<a name="preppingdata"></a>
<h2>Prepping Data</h2>

<p>In addition to the validation functions like the ones we used above, you can also prep your data in various ways.
For example, you can set up rules like this:</p>

<code>
$this->form_validation->set_rules('username', 'Username', '<kbd>trim</kbd>|required|min_length[5]|max_length[12]|<kbd>xss_clean</kbd>');<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules('password', 'Password', '<kbd>trim</kbd>|required|matches[passconf]|<kbd>md5</kbd>');<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules('passconf', 'Password Confirmation', '<kbd>trim</kbd>|required');<br />
$this->form_validation->set_rules('email', 'Email', '<kbd>trim</kbd>|required|valid_email');<br />
</code>


<p>In the above example, we are "trimming" the fields, converting the password to MD5, and running the username through
the "xss_clean" function, which removes malicious data.</p>

<p><strong>Any native PHP function that accepts one parameter can be used as a rule, like <dfn>htmlspecialchars</dfn>,
<dfn>trim</dfn>,  <dfn>MD5</dfn>, etc.</strong></p>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> You will generally want to use the prepping functions <strong>after</strong>
the validation rules so if there is an error, the original data will be shown in the form.</p>




<a name="repopulatingform"></a>
<h2>Re-populating the form</h2>

<p>Thus far we have only been dealing with errors.  It's time to repopulate the form field with the submitted data. CodeIgniter offers several helper functions
that permit you to do this. The one you will use most commonly is:</p>

<code>set_value('field name')</code>


<p>Open your <dfn>myform.php</dfn> view file and update the <strong>value</strong> in each field using the <dfn>set_value()</dfn> function:</p>

<p><strong>Don't forget to include each field name in the <dfn>set_value()</dfn> functions!</strong></p>


<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="30">
&lt;html>
&lt;head>
&lt;title>My Form&lt;/title>
&lt;/head>
&lt;body>

&lt;?php echo validation_errors(); ?>

&lt;?php echo form_open('form'); ?>

&lt;h5>Username&lt;/h5>
&lt;input type="text" name="username" value="&lt;?php echo set_value('username'); ?>" size="50" />

&lt;h5>Password&lt;/h5>
&lt;input type="text" name="password" value="&lt;?php echo set_value('password'); ?>" size="50" />

&lt;h5>Password Confirm&lt;/h5>
&lt;input type="text" name="passconf" value="&lt;?php echo set_value('passconf'); ?>" size="50" />

&lt;h5>Email Address&lt;/h5>
&lt;input type="text" name="email" value="&lt;?php echo set_value('email'); ?>" size="50" />

&lt;div>&lt;input type="submit" value="Submit" />&lt;/div>

&lt;/form>

&lt;/body>
&lt;/html>
</textarea>


<p><dfn>Now reload your page and submit the form so that it triggers an error.  Your form fields should now be re-populated</dfn></p>

<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong> The <a href="#functionreference">Function Reference</a> section below contains functions that
permit you to re-populate &lt;select> menus, radio buttons, and checkboxes.</p>


<p><strong>Important Note:</strong> If you use an array as the name of a form field, you must supply it as an array to the function.  Example:</p>

<code>&lt;input type="text" name="<kbd>colors[]</kbd>" value="&lt;?php echo set_value('<kbd>colors[]</kbd>'); ?>" size="50" /></code>

<p>For more info please see the <a href="#arraysasfields">Using Arrays as Field Names</a> section below.</p>





<a name="callbacks"></a>
<h2>Callbacks: Your own Validation Functions</h2>

<p>The validation system supports callbacks to your own validation functions.  This permits you to extend the validation class
to meet your needs.  For example, if you need to run a database query to see if the user is choosing a unique username, you can
create a callback function that does that.  Let's create a example of this.</p>

<p>In your controller, change the "username" rule to this:</p>

<code>$this->form_validation->set_rules('username', 'Username', '<kbd>callback_username_check</kbd>');</code>

<p>Then add a new function called <dfn>username_check</dfn> to your controller.  Here's how your controller should now look:</p>

<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="40">&lt;?php

class Form extends CI_Controller {

	public function index()
	{
		$this->load->helper(array('form', 'url'));

		$this->load->library('form_validation');

		$this->form_validation->set_rules('username', 'Username', 'callback_username_check');
		$this->form_validation->set_rules('password', 'Password', 'required');
		$this->form_validation->set_rules('passconf', 'Password Confirmation', 'required');
		$this->form_validation->set_rules('email', 'Email', 'required|is_unique[users.email]');

		if ($this->form_validation->run() == FALSE)
		{
			$this->load->view('myform');
		}
		else
		{
			$this->load->view('formsuccess');
		}
	}

	public function username_check($str)
	{
		if ($str == 'test')
		{
			$this->form_validation->set_message('username_check', 'The %s field can not be the word "test"');
			return FALSE;
		}
		else
		{
			return TRUE;
		}
	}

}
?></textarea>

<p><dfn>Reload your form and submit it with the word "test" as the username.  You can see that the form field data was passed to your
callback function for you to process.</dfn></p>

<p>To invoke a callback just put the function name in a rule, with "callback_" as the rule <strong>prefix</strong>. If you need
to receive an extra parameter in your callback function, just add it normally after the function name between square brackets,
as in: "callback_foo<strong>[bar]</strong>", then it will be passed as the second argument of your callback function.</p>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> You can also process the form data that is passed to your callback and return it.  If your callback returns anything other than a boolean TRUE/FALSE
it is assumed that the data is your newly processed form data.</p>

<a name="settingerrors"></a>
<h2>Setting Error Messages</h2>


<p>All of the native error messages are located in the following language file:  <dfn>language/english/form_validation_lang.php</dfn></p>

<p>To set your own custom message you can either edit that file, or use the following function:</p>

<code>$this->form_validation->set_message('<var>rule</var>', '<var>Error Message</var>');</code>

<p>Where <var>rule</var> corresponds to the name of a particular rule, and <var>Error Message</var> is the text you would like displayed.</p>

<p>If you include <dfn>%s</dfn> in your error string, it will be replaced with the "human" name you used for your field when you set your rules.</p>

<p>In the "callback" example above, the error message was set by passing the name of the function:</p>

<code>$this->form_validation->set_message('username_check')</code>

<p>You can also override any error message found in the language file.  For example, to change the message for the "required" rule you will do this:</p>

<code>$this->form_validation->set_message('required', 'Your custom message here');</code>



<a name="translatingfn"></a>
<h2>Translating Field Names</h2>

<p>If you would like to store the "human" name you passed to the <dfn>set_rules()</dfn> function in a language file, and therefore make the name able to be translated, here's how:</p>

<p>First, prefix your "human" name with <dfn>lang:</dfn>, as in this example:</p>

<code>
$this->form_validation->set_rules('first_name', '<kbd>lang:</kbd>first_name', 'required');<br />
</code>

<p>Then, store the name in one of your language file arrays (without the prefix):</p>

<code>$lang['first_name'] = 'First Name';</code>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> If you store your array item in a language file that is not loaded automatically by CI, you'll need to remember to load it in your controller using:</p>

<code>$this->lang->load('file_name');</code>

<p>See the <a href="language.html">Language Class</a> page for more info regarding language files.</p>


<a name="errordelimiters"></a>
<h2>Changing the Error Delimiters</h2>

<p>By default, the Form Validation class adds a paragraph tag (&lt;p&gt;) around each error message shown. You can either change these delimiters globally or
individually.</p>

<ol>

<li><strong>Changing delimiters Globally</strong>

<p>To globally change the error delimiters, in your controller function, just after loading the Form Validation class, add this:</p>

<code>$this->form_validation->set_error_delimiters('<kbd>&lt;div class="error"></kbd>', '<kbd>&lt;/div></kbd>');</code>

<p>In this example, we've switched to using div tags.</p>

</li>

<li><strong>Changing delimiters Individually</strong>

<p>Each of the two error generating functions shown in this tutorial can be supplied their own delimiters as follows:</p>

<code>&lt;?php echo form_error('field name', '<kbd>&lt;div class="error"></kbd>', '<kbd>&lt;/div></kbd>'); ?></code>

<p>Or:</p>

<code>&lt;?php echo validation_errors('<kbd>&lt;div class="error"></kbd>', '<kbd>&lt;/div></kbd>'); ?></code>

</li>
</ol>




<a name="individualerrors"></a>
<h2>Showing Errors Individually</h2>

<p>If you prefer to show an error message next to each form field, rather than as a list, you can use the <dfn>form_error()</dfn> function.</p>

<p>Try it! Change your form so that it looks like this:</p>

<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="18">
&lt;h5>Username&lt;/h5>
&lt;?php echo form_error('username'); ?>
&lt;input type="text" name="username" value="&lt;?php echo set_value('username'); ?>" size="50" />

&lt;h5>Password&lt;/h5>
&lt;?php echo form_error('password'); ?>
&lt;input type="text" name="password" value="&lt;?php echo set_value('password'); ?>" size="50" />

&lt;h5>Password Confirm&lt;/h5>
&lt;?php echo form_error('passconf'); ?>
&lt;input type="text" name="passconf" value="&lt;?php echo set_value('passconf'); ?>" size="50" />

&lt;h5>Email Address&lt;/h5>
&lt;?php echo form_error('email'); ?>
&lt;input type="text" name="email" value="&lt;?php echo set_value('email'); ?>" size="50" />
</textarea>

<p>If there are no errors, nothing will be shown.  If there is an error, the message will appear.</p>

<p><strong>Important Note:</strong> If you use an array as the name of a form field, you must supply it as an array to the function.  Example:</p>

<code>&lt;?php echo form_error('<kbd>options[size]</kbd>'); ?><br />
&lt;input type="text" name="<kbd>options[size]</kbd>" value="&lt;?php echo set_value("<kbd>options[size]</kbd>"); ?>" size="50" />
</code>

<p>For more info please see the <a href="#arraysasfields">Using Arrays as Field Names</a> section below.</p>




<p>&nbsp;</p>


<a name="savingtoconfig"></a>
<h1>Saving Sets of Validation Rules to a Config File</h1>

<p>A nice feature of the Form Validation class is that it permits you to store all your validation rules for your entire application in a config file.  You
can organize these rules into "groups".  These groups can either be loaded automatically when a matching controller/function is called, or
you can manually call each set as needed.</p>

<h3>How to save your rules</h3>

<p>To store your validation rules, simply create a file named <kbd>form_validation.php</kbd> in your <dfn>application/config/</dfn> folder.
In that file you will place an array named <kbd>$config</kbd> with your rules. As shown earlier, the validation array will have this prototype:</p>

<code>
$config = array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'username', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Username', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'password', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Password', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'passconf', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Password Confirmation', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'email', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Email', <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
</code>

<p><dfn>Your validation rule file will be loaded automatically and used when you call the run() function.</dfn></p>

<p class="important">Please note that you MUST name your array $config.</p>

<h3>Creating Sets of Rules</h3>

<p>In order to organize your rules into "sets" requires that you place them into "sub arrays".  Consider the following example, showing two sets of rules.
We've arbitrarily called these two rules "signup" and "email".  You can name your rules anything you want:</p>


<code>$config = array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'<kbd>signup</kbd>' => array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'username',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'Username',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'password',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'Password',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'passconf',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'PasswordConfirmation',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'email',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'Email',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'<kbd>email</kbd>' => array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'emailaddress',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'EmailAddress',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required|valid_email'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'name',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'Name',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required|alpha'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'title',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'Title',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'message',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'MessageBody',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
</code>


<h3>Calling a Specific Rule Group</h3>

<p>In order to call a specific group you will pass its name to the <kbd>run()</kbd> function.  For example, to call the <kbd>signup</kbd> rule you will do this:</p>

<code>
if ($this->form_validation->run('<kbd>signup</kbd>') == FALSE)<br />
{<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$this->load->view('myform');<br />
}<br />
else<br />
{<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$this->load->view('formsuccess');<br />
}<br />
</code>



<h3>Associating a Controller Function with a Rule Group</h3>

<p>An alternate (and more automatic) method of calling a rule group is to name it according to the controller class/function you intend to use it with.  For example, let's say you
have a controller named <kbd>Member</kbd> and a function named <kbd>signup</kbd>.  Here's what your class might look like:</p>

<code>
&lt;?php<br /><br />
class <kbd>Member</kbd> extends CI_Controller {<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;function <kbd>signup</kbd>()<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$this->load->library('form_validation');<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if ($this->form_validation->run() == FALSE)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$this->load->view('myform');<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;else<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$this->load->view('formsuccess');<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
}<br />
?></code>

<p>In your validation config file, you will name your rule group <kbd>member/signup</kbd>:</p>


<code>$config = array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'<kbd>member/signup</kbd>' => array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'username',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'Username',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'password',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'Password',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'passconf',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'PasswordConfirmation',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array(<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'field' => 'email',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'label' => 'Email',<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'rules' => 'required'<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
</code>

<p><dfn>When a rule group is named identically to a controller class/function it will be used automatically when the run() function is invoked from that class/function.</dfn></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>


<a name="arraysasfields"></a>
<h1>Using Arrays as Field Names</h1>

<p>The Form Validation class supports the use of arrays as field names.  Consider this example:</p>

<code>&lt;input type="text" name="<kbd>options[]</kbd>" value="" size="50" /></code>

<p>If you do use an array as a field name, you must use the EXACT array name in the <a href="#helperreference">Helper Functions</a> that require the field name,
and as your Validation Rule field name.</p>

<p>For example, to set a rule for the above field you would use:</p>

<code>$this->form_validation->set_rules('<kbd>options[]</kbd>', 'Options', 'required');</code>

<p>Or, to show an error for the above field you would use:</p>

<code>&lt;?php echo form_error('<kbd>options[]</kbd>'); ?></code>

<p>Or to re-populate the field you would use:</p>

<code>&lt;input type="text" name="<kbd>options[]</kbd>" value="<kbd>&lt;?php echo set_value('<kbd>options[]</kbd>'); ?></kbd>" size="50" /></code>

<p>You can use multidimensional arrays as field names as well. For example:</p>

<code>&lt;input type="text" name="<kbd>options[size]</kbd>" value="" size="50" /></code>

<p>Or even:</p>

<code>&lt;input type="text" name="<kbd>sports[nba][basketball]</kbd>" value="" size="50" /></code>

<p>As with our first example, you must use the exact array name in the helper functions:</p>

<code>&lt;?php echo form_error('<kbd>sports[nba][basketball]</kbd>'); ?></code>

<p>If you are using checkboxes (or other fields) that have multiple options, don't forget to leave an empty bracket after each option, so that all selections will be added to the
POST array:</p>

<code>
&lt;input type="checkbox" name="<kbd>options[]</kbd>" value="red" /><br />
&lt;input type="checkbox" name="<kbd>options[]</kbd>" value="blue" /><br />
&lt;input type="checkbox" name="<kbd>options[]</kbd>" value="green" />
</code>

<p>Or if you use a multidimensional array:</p>

<code>
&lt;input type="checkbox" name="<kbd>options[color][]</kbd>" value="red" /><br />
&lt;input type="checkbox" name="<kbd>options[color][]</kbd>" value="blue" /><br />
&lt;input type="checkbox" name="<kbd>options[color][]</kbd>" value="green" />
</code>

<p>When you use a helper function you'll include the bracket as well:</p>

<code>&lt;?php echo form_error('<kbd>options[color][]</kbd>'); ?></code>




<p>&nbsp;</p>


<a name="rulereference"></a>
<h1>Rule Reference</h1>

<p>The following is a list of all the native rules that are available to use:</p>


<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" style="width:100%" class="tableborder">
	<tr>
		<th>Rule</th>
		<th>Parameter</th>
		<th>Description</th>
		<th>Example</th>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>required</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element is empty.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>matches</strong></td>
		<td class="td">Yes</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element does not match the one in the parameter.</td>
		<td class="td">matches[form_item]</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>is_unique</strong></td>
		<td class="td">Yes</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element is not unique to the table and field name in the parameter.</td>
		<td class="td">is_unique[table.field]</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>min_length</strong></td>
		<td class="td">Yes</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element is shorter then the parameter value.</td>
		<td class="td">min_length[6]</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>max_length</strong></td>
		<td class="td">Yes</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element is longer then the parameter value.</td>
		<td class="td">max_length[12]</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>exact_length</strong></td>
		<td class="td">Yes</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element is not exactly the parameter value.</td>
		<td class="td">exact_length[8]</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>greater_than</strong></td>
		<td class="td">Yes</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element is less than the parameter value or not numeric.</td>
		<td class="td">greater_than[8]</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>less_than</strong></td>
		<td class="td">Yes</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element is greater than the parameter value or not numeric.</td>
		<td class="td">less_than[8]</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>alpha</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element contains anything other than alphabetical characters.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>alpha_numeric</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element contains anything other than alpha-numeric characters.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>alpha_dash</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element contains anything other than alpha-numeric characters, underscores or dashes.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>numeric</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element contains anything other than numeric characters.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>integer</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element contains anything other than an integer.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>decimal</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element contains anything other than a decimal number.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>is_natural</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element contains anything other than a natural number: 0, 1, 2, 3, etc.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>is_natural_no_zero</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element contains anything other than a natural number, but not zero: 1, 2, 3, etc.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>valid_email</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the form element does not contain a valid email address.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>valid_emails</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if any value provided in a comma separated list is not a valid email.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>valid_ip</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the supplied IP is not valid. Accepts an optional parameter of "IPv4" or "IPv6" to specify an IP format.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
		<td class="td"><strong>valid_base64</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Returns FALSE if the supplied string contains anything other than valid Base64 characters.</td>
		<td class="td">&nbsp;</td>
	</tr>


</table>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> These rules can also be called as discrete functions. For example:</p>

<code>$this->form_validation->required($string);</code>

<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong> You can also use any native PHP functions that permit one parameter.</p>



<p>&nbsp;</p>

<a name="preppingreference"></a>
<h1>Prepping Reference</h1>

<p>The following is a list of all the prepping functions that are available to use:</p>



<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" style="width:100%" class="tableborder">
	<tr>
		<th>Name</th>
		<th>Parameter</th>
		<th>Description</th>
	</tr><tr>

		<td class="td"><strong>xss_clean</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Runs the data through the XSS filtering function, described in the <a href="input.html">Input Class</a> page.</td>
	</tr><tr>

		<td class="td"><strong>prep_for_form</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Converts special characters so that HTML data can be shown in a form field without breaking it.</td>
	</tr><tr>

		<td class="td"><strong>prep_url</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Adds "http://" to URLs if missing.</td>
	</tr><tr>

		<td class="td"><strong>strip_image_tags</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Strips the HTML from image tags leaving the raw URL.</td>
	</tr><tr>

		<td class="td"><strong>encode_php_tags</strong></td>
		<td class="td">No</td>
		<td class="td">Converts PHP tags to entities.</td>
	</tr>

</table>

<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong> You can also use any native PHP functions that permit one parameter,
like <kbd>trim</kbd>, <kbd>htmlspecialchars</kbd>, <kbd>urldecode</kbd>, etc.</p>







<p>&nbsp;</p>

<a name="functionreference"></a>
<h1>Function Reference</h1>

<p>The following functions are intended for use in your controller functions.</p>

<h2>$this->form_validation->set_rules();</h2>

<p>Permits you to set validation rules, as described in the tutorial sections above:</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="#validationrules">Setting Validation Rules</a></li>
<li><a href="#savingtoconfig">Saving Groups of Validation Rules to a Config File</a></li>
</ul>


<h2>$this->form_validation->run();</h2>

<p>Runs the validation routines.  Returns boolean TRUE on success and FALSE on failure. You can optionally pass the name of the validation
group via the function, as described in: <a href="#savingtoconfig">Saving Groups of Validation Rules to a Config File</a>.</p>


<h2>$this->form_validation->set_message();</h2>

<p>Permits you to set custom error messages.  See <a href="#settingerrors">Setting Error Messages</a> above.</p>


<p>&nbsp;</p>

<a name="helperreference"></a>
<h1>Helper Reference</h1>

<p>The following helper functions are available for use in the view files containing your forms.  Note that these are procedural functions, so they
<strong>do not</strong> require you to prepend them with $this->form_validation.</p>

<h2>form_error()</h2>

<p>Shows an individual error message associated with the field name supplied to the function.  Example:</p>

<code>&lt;?php echo form_error('username'); ?></code>

<p>The error delimiters can be optionally specified.  See the <a href="#errordelimiters">Changing the Error Delimiters</a> section above.</p>



<h2>validation_errors()</h2>
<p>Shows all error messages as a string:  Example:</p>

<code>&lt;?php echo validation_errors(); ?></code>

<p>The error delimiters can be optionally specified.  See the <a href="#errordelimiters">Changing the Error Delimiters</a> section above.</p>



<h2>set_value()</h2>

<p>Permits you to set the value of an input form or textarea. You must supply the field name via the first parameter of the function.
The second (optional) parameter allows you to set a default value for the form. Example:</p>

<code>&lt;input type="text" name="quantity" value="<dfn>&lt;?php echo set_value('quantity', '0'); ?></dfn>" size="50" /></code>

<p>The above form will show "0" when loaded for the first time.</p>

<h2>set_select()</h2>

<p>If you use a <dfn>&lt;select></dfn> menu, this function permits you to display the menu item that was selected.  The first parameter
must contain the name of the select menu, the second parameter must contain the value of
each item, and the third (optional) parameter lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE).</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<code>
&lt;select name="myselect"><br />
&lt;option value="one" <dfn>&lt;?php echo  set_select('myselect', 'one', TRUE); ?></dfn> >One&lt;/option><br />
&lt;option value="two" <dfn>&lt;?php echo  set_select('myselect', 'two'); ?></dfn> >Two&lt;/option><br />
&lt;option value="three" <dfn>&lt;?php echo  set_select('myselect', 'three'); ?></dfn> >Three&lt;/option><br />
&lt;/select>
</code>


<h2>set_checkbox()</h2>

<p>Permits you to display a checkbox in the state it was submitted.  The first parameter
must contain the name of the checkbox, the second parameter must contain its value, and the third (optional) parameter lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE). Example:</p>

<code>&lt;input type="checkbox" name="mycheck[]" value="1" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_checkbox('mycheck[]', '1'); ?></dfn> /><br />
&lt;input type="checkbox" name="mycheck[]" value="2" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_checkbox('mycheck[]', '2'); ?></dfn> /></code>


<h2>set_radio()</h2>

<p>Permits you to display radio buttons in the state they were submitted. This function is identical to the <strong>set_checkbox()</strong> function above.</p>

<code>&lt;input type="radio" name="myradio" value="1" <dfn>&lt;?php echo  set_radio('myradio', '1', TRUE); ?></dfn> /><br />
&lt;input type="radio" name="myradio" value="2" <dfn>&lt;?php echo  set_radio('myradio', '2'); ?></dfn> /></code>



</div>
<!-- END CONTENT -->


<div id="footer">
<p>
Previous Topic:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="#top">Top of Page</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Next Topic:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="ftp.html">FTP Class</a>
</p>
<p><a href="http://codeigniter.com">CodeIgniter</a> &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; Copyright &#169; 2006 - 2014 &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; <a href="http://ellislab.com/">EllisLab, Inc.</a> &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; Copyright &#169; 2014 - 2015 &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; <a href="http://bcit.ca/">British Columbia Institute of Technology</a></p>
</div>

</body>
</html>